WebbProgrammed instruction is based on Skinner's "operant conditioning", a ( behaviorist theory stating that learning is change in behavior, i.e. the individual's response to events (stimuli). Behavior can be conditioned by rewarding the right stimulus-response patterns. According to Greg Kearsley :

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Webbshaping A method of positive reinforcement of behavior patterns in operant conditioning. Full Text In his operant-conditioning experiments, Skinner often used an approach called shaping. Instead of rewarding only the target, or desired, behavior, the process of shaping involves the reinforcement of successive approximations of the target behavior. WebbThere are several examples of applying operant conditioning in everyday life. Skinner's operant conditioning contributed to developing treatment therapies such as the token economy and behaviour shaping. Parents and teachers use token economy to reinforce desired behaviour through tokens such as stickers, coupons, money, or points a child … dan orr physical therapy

Shaping and Successive Approximations Introductory …

WebbShaping was a method used by Skinner to: condition taste aversions in rats. guide an organism to exhibit a complex behavior using successive approximations. decrease an undesirable behavior. explain how classical conditioning works. WebbEducational Implications or Significance of Operant Conditioning: 1. Successive approximation: The theory suggests the great potentiality of the shaping procedure for behaviour modification. Operant conditioning can be used for shaping behaviour of children by appropriate use of reinforcement or rewards. WebbIn a rooftop office, above a Minneapolis flour mill in 1943, B. F. Skinner discovered “shaping” by training a pigeon to send a small wooden ball down a miniature alley to hit a set of toy pins. birthday number 23